攻克英语单选，让它给你的高分“锦上添花”（二）
发布日期：2021-04-10 浏览量：536
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（二）
动词方面，考得比较多的是动词的时态及其语态，时态方面主要弄清一般“三时态”（现在、过去、将来），“两进行”（现在进行、过去进行），“两完成”（现在完成、过去完成），“一将来”（过去将来）的用法。其语态方面多考被动语态，所以弄懂别被动语态的八种时态很有必要。
至于代词与介词，我们要紧靠题干进行分析。代词我们找准其先行项，再来分析代词与其先行项“数”、“性”、“人称”的一致性。“数”指的就是单复数形式，通常取决于先行词的单复数形式，但先行项为every-, some- 等复合词时，代词按照语法一致的原则用单数形式。当先行词为某些并列结构时，一般要根据该并列结构的单、复数意义来决定代词以及相应限定词的单、复数形式如：
My friend and roommate has agreed to lend me his car.
My friend and my roommate have agreed to lend me their cars.
当先行项为某些集体名词时，随后的代词以及相应的限定词依该集体名词用于何种意义而定。如：
The team has won its first game.
The team are now on the floor taking their practice shots at the basket.
当先行项为复数名词或代词作句子主语并带有each作同位语时，如果each出现在动词之前，随后的人称代词或相应的限定词用复数形式；如果each位于动词之后，随后的人称代词或相应的限定词用单数。如：
They each had their problems.
They had each his own problem.
这里的“性”指的是阳性、阴性、中性、通性名词。当先行项为阳性或阴性名词时，代词也用相应的阳性、阴性代词指代。当先行项为中性名词时，即无生命物的名词时，代词常常用中性指代（it，Its，itself）。当先行项为通性名词时，既可是男性，也可是女性。这类名词以其单数形式表示类指时，通常用阳性的代词来指代。
至于“人称”，顾名思义，代词的变化要紧跟先行项人称的变化即可。
介词上，主要留心介词的搭配问题，主要是介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配：
有些形容词要求与一定的介词搭配如：rich in, intent on(一心想), indifferent to 等，也有不少形容词之后跟不同的介词表示不同的意义。如：alive to （敏感），alive with （充满）, blind of (瞎), blind to （不察觉）等。
介词与动词的搭配通常有四种情况：
a)动词+介词:
I shall prevail on (说服) him lo make the attempt.
You can appeal to a higher court and apply for a fresh trial.
We concentrated on doing one job at a time.
He fell into(养成) the habit of not attending to other poople's advice.
Your crrespondents have only touched upon (涉及) the finge of the matter.
b)动词+宾语+介词:
They excluded him from the club.
They took me into their confidence. (他们信任我。)
Bad weather robs a holiday of half its pleasure.
He released her from her promise.
These men took me for (误认为) a swindler.
上述搭配中的宾语可按语义意图加以改变。但以下词组动词结构中的名词不能随意改变。例如:
The old widow always takes pity on (怜悯) some stray cat or dog.
The report lays great emphasis on the development of nursery schools in the area.
You should take advantage of (利用) this opportunity, for it may not occur again.
c)动词+副词小品词+介词:
I don't wish to break in on (打断) your thoughts.
The family came up against (碰到) fresh problems.
You're not telling me the whole story, You're holding out on(对....保密) me.
She got off with (结识) him soon after she began to work at the institution.
We shoudn't put the shortage down to（...归因子) bad planning.
d)动词+宾语+副词小品词+介词:
You shouldn't take your resentment out on(拿...泄恨.)me，
You must watch that guy, or he’ll put something over on(捉弄) you before you know it.
介词与名词的搭配上主要是某些名词的前后对某些介词的要求：
名词之后对某些介词的要求：Solution to、faith in、glace at、need for等
名词之前对某些介词的要求：on his guard, at your request, in all probability, to my delightd等。
介词的固定搭配还是需要日常的积累才能逐步掌握。
英语的学习真正的硬核来源于平时的积累，小窍门和思路是为把握方向的正确性防止一把抓。善于积累，懂得方法才会在英语的战场上立于不败之地。
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